Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Sarcocephalus latifolius Smith Roots Extracts
Kamirou Chabi-Sika
Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou-05 BP-1604, Benin and Laboratory of Biochemistry and Food & Medicinal Formulations, National University of Sciences, Technologies, Engineering and Mathematics of Abomey, Dassa-Zoumè BP-14, Benin.
Haziz Sina *
Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou-05 BP-1604, Benin.
Bawa Boya
Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou-05 BP-1604, Benin.
Ibrahima Mama-Sirou
Laboratory of Physiopathology, Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, 01 BP- 4521 Cotonou, Benin.
Lucas Kpangon
Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou-05 BP-1604, Benin.
Hafiz A. Salami
Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou-05 BP-1604, Benin.
Aude Kelomey
Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou-05 BP-1604, Benin.
Gautier Roko
Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou-05 BP-1604, Benin.
Sylvestre A. Assogba
Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou-05 BP-1604, Benin.
Marcel Y. Adoko
Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou-05 BP-1604, Benin.
Lamine Baba-Moussa
Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou-05 BP-1604, Benin.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: This work aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Sarcocephalus latifolius extracts.
Methodology: Thus, phytochemical screening was qualitatively accessed using colorations or precipitations methods. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity, using the diffusion method, was evaluated on eight strains including two reference strains (Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) and six clinically isolated S. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined by the microdilution method.
Results: The phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, anthocyanins, mucilages, saponosides, C-heterosides and O-heterosides. Antimicrobial activity showed that the ethanolic extract with the lowest MIC (1.25 mg/ml) inhibited reference strains (S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853) and clinical isolated S. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa strains. The largest inhibition diameter (19± 1.33) was obtained with the ethanolic extract against clinical isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa and (15.5± 1) against the reference one. The aqueous extract inhibited only reference strains.
Conclusions: The data of this study indicate that the extracts of S. latifolius present antimicrobial properties. This may justify its traditional use in the treatment of microbial infections.
Keywords: Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial activity, Sarcocephalus latifolius, Benin