Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Bryophyllum pinnatum Extracts
Linus Usman Akacha *
Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2373 Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
Jatau Yuwel Dikko
Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2373 Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
Muluh Emmanuel Khan
Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2373 Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
John Vershima Anyam
Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2373 Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
John O. Igoli
Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2373 Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the wood and stem bark of Bryophyllum pinnatum were investigated for their phytochemical constituents and activity against selected microorganisms. Phytochemicals found present were reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and phenols. The test microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Microsporum spp and Trichophyton rubrum. The Ethyl acetate extracts were the most effective against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and K. Pneumonia (MIC 5.0 mg/mL) and S. dysenteriae, C. albicans, Microsporum spp, and T. rubrum (MIC 10 mg/mL).
Keywords: Phytochemical screening, bioactive principles, antimicrobial activity, Bryophyllum pinnatum